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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
04:23

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Published on: March 31, 2021

Dermal stem cells can differentiate down an endothelial lineage.

Emma Bell1, Gavin D Richardson, Colin A Jahoda

  • 1School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.

Stem Cells and Development
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Neural crest cells in dermal papilla show endothelial markers and function. These cells form capillary-like structures, indicating a role in vascular development and potentially hair follicle biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • The dermal papilla (DP) is crucial for hair follicle development.
  • The cellular origins and specific functions of DP cells are not fully understood.
  • Investigating DP cell characteristics can reveal insights into tissue regeneration and morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential endothelial characteristics of neural crest-derived cells within the dermal papilla.
  • To determine if DP cells exhibit functional endothelial markers and activities.
  • To clarify the lineage and functional potential of these cells in the hair follicle microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Primary DP cell cultures were established and cultured in endothelial growth media.
  • Gene expression analysis (mRNA) for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (FLT1) and α-smooth muscle actin was performed.
  • Functional assays included capillary-like structure formation on Matrigel, low-density lipoprotein uptake, and ICAM1 (CD54) upregulation.
  • DP clones were used to rule out endothelial cell contamination.
  • WNT1cre/ROSA26R and WNT1cre/YFP lineage-tracing mouse models were employed to track neural crest-derived cells and assess PECAM (CD31) expression.

Main Results:

  • DP primary cultures upregulated FLT1 mRNA and downregulated α-smooth muscle actin in endothelial growth media.
  • DP cells demonstrated endothelial functions: forming capillary-like structures, increased low-density lipoprotein uptake, and ICAM1 upregulation upon TNF-α stimulation.
  • DP clones confirmed these endothelial-like properties were intrinsic to DP cells, not contaminants.
  • Lineage tracing identified neural crest-derived cells in DP cultures expressing PECAM (CD31) and forming capillary-like structures.
  • Neural crest-derived cells expressing endothelial and mesenchymal markers were found in the vibrissae follicle dermal sheath.

Conclusions:

  • Dermal papilla cells of neural crest origin possess endothelial markers and functional capabilities.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for neural crest-derived cells in vascularization within the hair follicle.
  • The study identifies a unique cell population at the interface of neural crest and endothelial lineages in the dermal sheath.