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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Integration of Synaptic Events

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

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Brain state dependent postinhibitory rebound in entorhinal cortex interneurons.

Mohit H Adhikari¹, Pascale P Quilichini, Dipanjan Roy

¹Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13385 Marseille, France.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|May 11, 2012

Summary

Postinhibitory rebound (PIR) in rat brains is linked to biological rhythms. This study shows PIR occurs in specific neurons and brain states, impacting neural network synchrony.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Postinhibitory rebound (PIR) is crucial for biological rhythms.
In vivo evidence for PIR is limited, despite in vitro studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate in vivo evidence of PIR in the rat dorsomedial entorhinal cortex.
To explore the dependence of PIR on brain states and neuronal types.

Main Methods:

Electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized rats.
Analysis of PIR prevalence during theta and slow oscillation brain states.
Theoretical modeling using coupled Fitzhugh-Nagumo neurons.

Main Results:

PIR was observed in GABAergic interneurons of the dorsomedial entorhinal cortex.
PIR was more prevalent during theta oscillations (4-6 Hz) than slow oscillations (0.5-2 Hz).
A computational model explained the brain state dependence of PIR.

Conclusions:

PIR is dependent on cell type and brain state.
PIR modulation may influence neural synchrony and rhythmogenesis.