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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Exploring infrared sensoring for real time welding defects monitoring in GTAW.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads
07:58

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads

Published on: July 25, 2025

A weld defects detection system based on a spectrometer.

Daniel Bebiano1, Sadek C A Alfaro

  • 1Automation and Control Group, University of Brasilia, Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Brasília - DF, Brazil. CEP: 70910-900;

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a non-intrusive system using spectroscopy to detect Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) defects. Algorithms identify weld flaws by analyzing electric arc radiation, improving quality control.

Keywords:
GTAWchange detectionspectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Manufacturing Processes
  • Industrial Automation

Background:

  • Optimizing industrial production through enhanced quality and cost reduction is crucial.
  • Welding processes are integral to manufacturing, necessitating robust monitoring and control systems.
  • Existing methods for welding process control often lack non-intrusive, real-time defect detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a non-intrusive, on-line monitoring system for detecting defects in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW).
  • To implement and assess algorithms capable of identifying and localizing weld defects by analyzing electric arc behavior.
  • To contribute to improved product quality and reduced production costs in industrial welding applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a spectrometer to capture radiation emissions from specific spectral lines of the electric arc.
  • Simulated weld defects by intentionally perturbing the electric arc during the welding process.
  • Developed and applied change detection algorithms to analyze spectral data for defect identification and localization.

Main Results:

  • The developed system successfully detected simulated weld defects by analyzing perturbations in the electric arc's radiation emission.
  • The spectrometer provided reliable data on arc disturbances, enabling defect identification.
  • Change detection algorithms effectively indicated the presence and location of simulated weld defects.

Conclusions:

  • The non-intrusive spectroscopic monitoring system offers a viable method for real-time GTAW weld defect detection.
  • The proposed algorithms demonstrate effectiveness in identifying and localizing weld flaws based on arc radiation analysis.
  • This technology can contribute to enhanced welding quality control and manufacturing efficiency.