Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2026
06:54
MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent
Published on: September 3, 2013
Cell membrane water exchange effects in prostate DCE-MRI
Xin Li1, Ryan A Priest, William J Woodward
1W.M. Keck Foundation High-Field MRI Laboratory, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA. lxin@ohsu.edu
Summary
Dynamic-Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI analysis reveals that incorporating water exchange improves prostate cancer detection. A new biomarker, ΔK(trans), effectively distinguishes malignant from benign prostate tissues.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
- Biophysics
Background:
- Prostate Dynamic-Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI often shows rapid contrast reagent (CR) extravasation, leading to high CR concentration in the extracellular, extravascular space (EES).
- Indirect CR detection via water proton signal change necessitates accounting for transcytolemmal water exchange in pharmacokinetic modeling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of water exchange on DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameter values in prostate cancer.
- To explore the utility of an exchange-sensitized model for improved tissue characterization and biomarker development.
Main Methods:
- Simulations and analysis of actual prostate DCE-MRI data using various pharmacokinetic models.
- Development and evaluation of a near-optimal exchange-sensitized model.
- Mapping of intracellular water lifetime (τ(i)) as a measure of water exchange.
Main Results:
- The study identified a near-optimal exchange-sensitized model.
- A novel biomarker, ΔK(trans), demonstrated significant potential for differentiating malignant from benign prostate tissues.
- Meaningful mapping of prostate glandular zone differences in intracellular water lifetime (τ(i)) was achieved.
Conclusions:
- Accounting for transcytolemmal water exchange is crucial for accurate prostate DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic modeling.
- The ΔK(trans) biomarker shows promise for enhancing prostate cancer diagnosis.
- Exchange-sensitized modeling provides new insights into prostate tissue characteristics, including zonal variations in water exchange.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Protein Diffusion in the Membrane
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
01:26Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct
The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
The distal part of the DCT, along with the...
The distal part of the DCT, along with the...
01:24Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
01:27Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
01:22Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane
Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
01:15Dialysis
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...