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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Host glycans and antigen presentation.

Sean O Ryan1, Brian A Cobb

  • 1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, WRB Rm. 6532, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Microbes and Infection
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycosylation impacts T cell activation in adaptive immunity. This review explores how MHC glycans influence T cell responses and adaptive host defense mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Glycobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immune responses rely on T cell activation through T cell receptor (TCR) and antigen-MHC interactions.
  • TCR glycosylation is known to modulate T cell activation thresholds.
  • The role of MHC glycosylation in T cell activation and adaptive immunity is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the current data on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycosylation.
  • To explore the potential roles of glycans on MHC molecules in the adaptive host response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating MHC glycosylation.
  • Analysis of existing data on T cell activation and immune response.

Main Results:

  • Data on MHC glycosylation and its direct impact on T cell activation is less definitive compared to TCR glycosylation.
  • Glycans on MHC molecules may play a significant role in modulating adaptive immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which MHC glycosylation influences T cell recognition and activation.
  • Understanding MHC glycosylation is crucial for comprehending the intricacies of adaptive immunity and developing targeted immunotherapies.