Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Superoxide Anion Generation in Platelets
06:35

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Superoxide Anion Generation in Platelets

Published on: March 29, 2024

Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology of NADPH oxidases in the cardiovascular system

Bernard Lassègue1, Alejandra San Martín, Kathy K Griendling

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Circulation Research
|May 15, 2012
PubMed

Insights

NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes regulate cardiovascular functions and are implicated in diseases like atherosclerosis and hypertension. This review details Nox enzyme biochemistry, roles in cardiovascular cells, and disease contributions.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are crucial in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
  • These enzymes are present in nearly all cardiovascular cells, regulating vital functions.
  • Nox enzymes influence cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxygen sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemistry of cardiovascular Nox enzymes (Nox1, 2, 4, and 5).
  • To elucidate the roles of Nox enzymes in cardiovascular cell biology.
  • To examine the involvement of Nox enzymes in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on NADPH oxidase enzymes.
  • Detailed discussion of Nox enzyme biochemistry and function.
  • Analysis of Nox enzyme involvement in cardiovascular pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Nox enzymes are key regulators of cardiovascular cell functions.
  • They interact with numerous signaling molecules, affecting cellular processes.
  • Nox enzymes are implicated in atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Nox enzyme mechanisms is vital for cardiovascular health.
  • Nox enzymes represent potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Further research into Nox enzyme roles can advance cardiovascular medicine.

More Related Videos

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models10:42

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models

Published on: October 22, 2012

Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...