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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...

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A network perspective on metabolic inconsistency.

Nikolaus Sonnenschein1, José Felipe Golib Dzib, Annick Lesne

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This study reveals that network analysis alone can explain many inconsistencies between gene expression and metabolic pathways. This approach uncovers distinct metabolic states in disease, offering new insights into cellular organization and gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Integrating gene expression and metabolic pathways is key to understanding cellular organization.
  • Network properties of metabolic systems aid in analyzing expression data and pathways.
  • Network-driven gene expression interpretation can identify disease classifiers and advance gene regulation theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the coherence between human metabolic pathways and gene expression profiles using network and constraint-based methods.
  • To investigate the topological context of metabolic inconsistencies and differentiate physiological from unspecific contributions.
  • To demonstrate the biological potential of a network-driven approach in analyzing disease-specific transcriptome data.

Main Methods:

  • Network and constraint-based analysis to calculate consistency scores between gene expression and metabolic pathways.
  • Topological analysis of biochemical reactions to identify sources of inconsistency.
  • Application of the network-driven approach to transcriptome profiles of aldosterone-producing adenomas.

Main Results:

  • A strong correlation was found between gene expression patterns and reconstructed human metabolism, largely explained by network properties.
  • Inconsistencies were separated into physiologically relevant and unspecific contributions, revealing gaps in metabolic reconstruction.
  • Two distinct metabolic states were identified in adenoma expression patterns, surpassing conventional analysis capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methodology effectively resolves metabolic inconsistencies from a network perspective.
  • This approach acts as a bridge between metabolic system topology and their dynamic functions.
  • The network-driven strategy yields physiologically relevant insights into metabolic network structure and dynamics.