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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in primary headaches.

Marlene Fischer1, Georg Wille, Stephanie Klien

  • 1Department of Neurology, Headache Outpatient Clinic, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. marlene.fischer@i-med.ac.at

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Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels increase during migraine attacks and are elevated in cluster headache patients, suggesting BDNF

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in pain modulation and central sensitization.
  • BDNF's interaction with calcitonin gene-related peptide suggests a potential role in migraine and cluster headache pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the serum levels of BDNF in patients with episodic migraine and episodic cluster headache compared to tension-type headache and healthy controls.
  • To determine if BDNF levels differ during headache attacks versus headache-free periods.

Main Methods:

  • A bi-center prospective study enrolled four groups: episodic migraine (with/without aura), episodic cluster headache, frequent episodic tension-type headache, and healthy controls.
  • Venous blood samples were collected from migraineurs during attacks and in headache-free intervals.
  • Serum samples from cluster headache patients were collected during and outside cluster bouts.
  • BDNF levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Main Results:

  • Migraine patients exhibited significantly higher BDNF serum levels during attacks compared to headache-free intervals, tension-type headache patients, and healthy controls (P < 0.001).
  • No significant difference in BDNF levels was observed between migraine with aura and without aura subgroups.
  • Cluster headache patients showed significantly higher BDNF concentrations both during and outside cluster bouts compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • BDNF levels are elevated during acute migraine attacks.
  • BDNF is implicated in the pathophysiology of both migraine and cluster headache.
  • These findings support the involvement of BDNF in primary headache disorders.