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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Published on: November 18, 2011

To transfer fresh or thawed embryos?

¹Fertility Clinic, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. pinborg@nru.dk

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

|May 16, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Frozen embryo replacement (FER) offers advantages over fresh embryo transfer, including reduced medical interventions and risks. This review examines FER

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

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Published on: November 18, 2011

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

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Published on: August 5, 2011

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
Cryobiology

Background:

Embryo cryopreservation and frozen embryo replacement (FER) are increasingly utilized in assisted reproductive technologies.
FER cycles now surpass fresh embryo transfer cycles in some regions globally.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the advantages and disadvantages of FER versus fresh embryo transfer.
To evaluate single-cycle and cumulative pregnancy and delivery rates for both methods.
To review perinatal and long-term child outcomes following FER.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on early cleavage-stage embryo freezing and slow freezing techniques.
Analysis of data sets concerning pregnancy rates, delivery rates, and child development.
Discussion of safety aspects and potential risks associated with cryopreservation.

Main Results:

FER minimizes the need for pharmacological and surgical treatments.
FER reduces the risks of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies.
FER enhances safety for both mother and child compared to fresh embryo transfer.

Conclusions:

Frozen embryo replacement presents significant benefits for assisted reproduction.
Further research is ongoing regarding the long-term effects of cryopreservation techniques on child development.
FER is a safe and effective alternative to fresh embryo transfer, with improving outcomes.