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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
10:36

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Functional genomic methods to study estrogen receptor activity.

Siv Gilfillan1, Elisa Fiorito, Antoni Hurtado

  • 1Breast Cancer Research group, Nordic EMBL Partnership, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen Receptor (ER) research reveals how estrogen and tamoxifen impact breast cancer genomics. Functional genomic methods like ChIP and FAIRE help analyze these ER-ligand interactions and chromatin changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Estrogen Receptor (ER) is crucial in mediating estrogen and tamoxifen actions.
  • ER is frequently expressed in human breast cancers.
  • Genomic mapping of ER interactions with estrogen and tamoxifen has recently been established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review functional genomic methods for studying ER ligand and co-operating factor influences.
  • To explore methods analyzing protein-DNA interactions and chromatin modifications.
  • To understand ER transcriptional regulation in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for protein-DNA interactions.
  • Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) for chromatin accessibility.
  • Integration of these methods with high-throughput sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen and tamoxifen induce similar genomic interactions via co-operating factors.
  • These interactions affect ER-DNA binding and gene expression.
  • Chromatin changes provide insights into ER transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Functional genomic methods are essential for dissecting ER-ligand and co-factor roles.
  • Combining ChIP and FAIRE offers a comprehensive approach.
  • Understanding these mechanisms advances breast cancer therapy insights.