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Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction
11:39

Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction

Published on: January 8, 2019

Chimeras taking shape: potential functions of proteins encoded by chimeric RNA transcripts.

Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern1, Vincent Lacroix, Iakes Ezkurdia

  • 1Structural Biology and BioComputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain;

Genome Research
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers confirmed genuine expression of 175 chimeric RNAs in human tissues. Some chimeric RNAs translate into novel proteins, potentially altering cellular functions and localization.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Chimeric RNAs, formed from multiple genes, can encode novel proteins with altered cellular functions.
  • Previous studies identified many putative chimeric transcripts, but few protein products were characterized, often linked to cancer.
  • The genuine expression and functional potential of human chimeric RNAs remain largely unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the expression and translation of putative human chimeric RNAs.
  • To characterize the tissue specificity and gene incorporation patterns of chimeric RNAs.
  • To explore the functional implications of chimeric proteins, including their potential for altered cellular localization.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput RNA sequencing of 7424 putative human chimeric RNAs.
  • Mass spectrometry (shotgun and targeted) to detect chimeric protein expression.
  • Functional annotation of exon organization and conserved protein domains.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed expression of 175 chimeric RNAs across 16 human tissues, with varying abundance (0.06–17 RPKM).
  • Chimeric RNAs exhibited significantly higher tissue specificity compared to non-chimeric transcripts.
  • Identified 12 novel chimeric RNAs translated into detectable proteins, with three confirmed via targeted mass spectrometry.

Conclusions:

  • Chimeric RNAs are genuinely expressed in human cells and can be translated into potentially functional proteins.
  • Chimeric proteins may possess altered functions due to incorporated signal peptides and transmembrane domains, affecting cellular localization.
  • This study provides a foundation for understanding the biological roles of chimeric RNAs and proteins in human physiology.