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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in human cognition.Types of...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
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A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

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A triphasic metacognitive formulation of problem drinking.

Marcantonio M Spada1, Gabriele Caselli, Adrian Wells

  • 1Department of Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, London South Bank University, London, UK; North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a triphasic metacognitive model for problem drinking. It explains how beliefs about thinking influence alcohol use and escalation, aiding treatment across the spectrum.

Keywords:
Alcohol AbuseMetacognitionProblem DrinkingS-REF ModelTriphasic Formulation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Studies

Background:

  • Problem drinking is a complex issue with significant public health implications.
  • Existing models often focus on behavioral aspects, potentially overlooking cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel triphasic metacognitive formulation of problem drinking.
  • To explore the role of metacognitive beliefs in the initiation, maintenance, and escalation of alcohol misuse.
  • To discuss the implications of this formulation for treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a theoretical framework based on existing evidence.
  • It outlines cognitive and metacognitive processes across three phases: pre-alcohol use, alcohol use, and post-alcohol use.
  • The formulation integrates concepts of metacognitive beliefs, rumination, and craving.

Main Results:

  • In the pre-alcohol use phase, positive metacognitive beliefs about thinking can trigger alcohol use.
  • During alcohol use, beliefs about alcohol and reduced monitoring contribute to dysregulation.
  • Post-alcohol use, rumination on consequences strengthens negative metacognitive beliefs, perpetuating the cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The triphasic metacognitive formulation offers a comprehensive understanding of problem drinking.
  • This model can enhance assessment and conceptualization of alcohol use disorders.
  • It provides a basis for developing targeted metacognitive interventions for treatment.