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Related Concept Videos

Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

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4-Allyl-morpholin-4-ium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
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Bis(cyclo-hexyl-ammonium) terephthalate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
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(3-Pyrid-yl)methanaminium 4-nitro-phenolate 4-nitro-phenol solvate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Bis(cyclo-hexyl-ammonium) tetra-bromido-cuprate(II).

Meng Ting Han1

  • 1Ordered Matter Science Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of cyclohexyl-ammonium tetra-bromidocuprate. Hydrogen bonds link these components into ribbon-like formations within the crystal lattice.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Crystal Engineering
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding the supramolecular assembly of metal halide complexes is crucial for designing new materials.
  • Cyclohexyl-ammonium salts offer unique structural possibilities due to their steric and hydrogen-bonding capabilities.
  • Tetra-bromidocuprate anions provide a versatile platform for coordination chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of (cyclohexyl-ammonium)2[CuBr4].
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the solid-state arrangement.
  • To characterize the hydrogen bonding network in this coordination compound.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular contacts was performed.
  • Hydrogen bonding patterns were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure consists of discrete cyclohexyl-ammonium cations and tetra-bromidocuprate anions.
  • The tetra-bromidocuprate anion resides on an inversion center.
  • A significant hydrogen bonding network involving N-H···Br interactions was observed.
  • These interactions lead to the formation of extended ribbons parallel to the [0-11] crystallographic direction.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing is dictated by a combination of ionic interactions and directional N-H···Br hydrogen bonds.
  • The observed ribbon structures highlight the role of hydrogen bonding in directing supramolecular assembly in metal halide salts.
  • This structural insight contributes to the broader understanding of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.