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Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X₂ to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

Here, in contrast to the E2 reaction mechanism, we delve into the aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, which has two steps: rate-limiting loss of the leaving group and abstraction of the beta hydrogen by a weak base. Typically, the experimental proof for the E1 mechanism is via kinetic studies or isotope studies. While the former demonstrates the first-order kinetics—the dependence of the reaction solely on substrate concentration—the latter proves the abstraction of hydrogen only in the...

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(E)-1-(5-Bromo-2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-3-[4-(dimethyl-amino)-phen-yl]prop-2-en-1-one.

Guang-Bing Li¹, Lu Li, Guo-Xi Wang

¹Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 17, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(17)H(16)BrNO(2). Molecular analysis reveals specific dihedral angles between benzene rings and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, influencing crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Molecular Structure

Background:

Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
Crystal structure analysis provides fundamental insights into intermolecular forces and solid-state behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the organic compound C(17)H(16)BrNO(2).
To analyze the molecular geometry, including dihedral angles and hydrogen bonding interactions.
To investigate the supramolecular assembly in the solid state.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles was performed.
Identification of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and C-H···O contacts, was conducted.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(17)H(16)BrNO(2) was successfully determined.
A dihedral angle of 7.4(3)° was observed between the two benzene rings.
An intramolecular O-H···O hydrogen bond was identified, linking the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.
Weak C-H···O interactions were found to mediate the formation of a supramolecular chain along the c-axis.

Conclusions:

The study provides a detailed structural characterization of C(17)H(16)BrNO(2) in the solid state.
The observed intramolecular hydrogen bonding and intermolecular interactions dictate the crystal packing and supramolecular architecture.
These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in related organic compounds.