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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

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Ultrabright Entanglement Based Quantum Key Distribution over a 404 km Optical Fiber.

Shi-Chang Zhuang1,2,3, Bo Li1,2,3, Ming-Yang Zheng3,4

  • 1University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, Hefei 230026, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an ultrabright polarization-entangled photon source for quantum communication. This source enables high-speed, long-distance quantum key distribution over 404 km, paving the way for large-scale quantum networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Photonics
  • Quantum Communication

Background:

  • Entangled photons are fundamental for quantum information processing.
  • Practical quantum communication networks require bright and reliable entangled photon sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an ultrabright polarization-entangled photon source based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide.
  • To demonstrate its suitability for practical quantum communication networks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide and a 780 nm pump laser.
  • Achieved high pair generation rates and photon power.
  • Conducted quantum key distribution (QKD) experiments over long-distance fiber links.
  • Employed wavelength-division multiplexing and nonlocal dispersion compensation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a pair generation rate of 2.4×10^10 pairs/s/mW.
  • Reached entangled photon power of 17.9 nW.
  • Demonstrated QKD over 200 km with secure key rates up to 440.80 bits/s.
  • Extended the maximum secure key generation distance to 404 km.

Conclusions:

  • The developed source is bright enough for practical quantum communication.
  • Wavelength-multiplexed polarization-entangled photon sources are promising for high-speed, long-distance quantum communication.
  • This technology is a key component for future large-scale quantum networks.