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Megalocytiviruses.

Jun Kurita1, Kazuhiro Nakajima

  • 1National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Minamiise 519-0423, Japan. kuritaj@fra.affrc.go.jp

Viruses
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Megalocytivirus, a new genus of fish iridoviruses, causes severe disease and high mortality in fish. These viruses, including red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), are characterized by enlarged cells and have distinct genetic differences from other iridoviruses.

Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Fish Pathology
  • * Molecular Biology

Background:

  • * The genus *Megalocytivirus* is the newest genus within the *Iridoviridae* family, encompassing viruses like red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV).
  • * *Megalocytivirus* infections cause severe disease and high mortality in marine and freshwater fish species.
  • * Outbreaks have primarily occurred in Southeast Asia and Japan, with detections in Australia and North America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To describe the characteristics of the *Megalocytivirus* genus and its associated diseases.
  • * To detail the diagnostic methods and control strategies for *Megalocytivirus* infections.
  • * To analyze the phylogenetic relationships and genetic composition of *Megalocytivirus* isolates.

Main Methods:

  • * Identification and characterization of *Megalocytivirus* isolates.
Keywords:
ISKNVIridoviridaeMegalocytivirusRSIVTRBIV

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  • * Sequence analyses of viral genes, including major capsid protein (MCP) and ATPase.
  • * Whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis.
  • * Indirect immunofluorescence tests and PCR assays for diagnosis.
  • * Development of a formalin-killed vaccine.

    • Main Results:

    • * *Megalocytivirus* is characterized by the presence of enlarged basophilic cells in infected organs.
    • * Phylogenetic analyses suggest three tentative species within the genus: RSIV, ISKNV, and TRBIV.
    • * Genetic analysis revealed that *Megalocytiviruses* possess only the eukaryotic RR-2 gene for ribonucleotide reductase, unlike other genera encoding both RR-1 and RR-2.
    • * A formalin-killed vaccine is commercially available in Japan for disease control.

    Conclusions:

    • * *Megalocytivirus* represents a distinct genus within *Iridoviridae* with unique genetic and pathological features.
    • * Rapid diagnostic tools and vaccines are available for managing *Megalocytivirus* diseases.
    • * Further research into the genetic makeup and evolutionary origins of *Megalocytivirus* is warranted.