[Current views on etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of acromegaly]

Acromegaly is a relatively rare disease caused by excess secretion of growth hormone, usually from a pituitary somatotrope adenoma. Most of the tumors causing acromegaly are sporadic but in some cases the disease results from the presence of an inherited endocrine syndrome including type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia, McCune-Albright syndrome and Carney complex. Because of the slow evolution of signs and symptoms, acromegaly can be a diagnostic challenge. The disease is characterised by significantly increased morbidity and mortality, both of which are secondary to the involvement of multiple organ systems. This prompts the need for the rapid and accurate recognition and management of this disorder. Acromegaly is diagnosed on the basis of clinical picture, hormonal assays and radiologic imaging of the pituitary gland. This article reviews the etiology, histopathological picture, clinical features and current diagnostic strategies in acromegaly and prognosis in this disorder.