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Related Concept Videos

Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

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Semantics of the transitive construction: prototype effects and developmental comparisons.

Paul Ibbotson1, Anna L Theakston, Elena V M Lieven

  • 1Max Planck Child Study Centre, University of Manchester, UK. paul.ibbotson@manchester.ac.uk

Cognitive Science
|May 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults recognize prototype effects in abstract language, unlike young children. This suggests children

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Prototype effects are well-documented in non-linguistic categories.
  • Research in cognitive linguistics suggests abstract linguistic categories may also exhibit prototype effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prototype effects in abstract linguistic constructions.
  • To compare adult and young child processing of prototypical transitive semantics.
  • To explore the psychological validity of prototype effects in language.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of the prototype-plus-distortion methodology.
  • Experimental design involving sentence recognition tasks.
  • Comparison of adult and child performance on prototypical and distorted sentences.

Main Results:

  • Adults showed false-positive recognition for sentences with prototypical transitive semantics.
  • Young children did not exhibit similar prototype effects.
  • Differential processing of prototypical sentences between age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Abstract linguistic categories can demonstrate prototype effects, supporting cognitive linguistics theories.
  • Children's developing semantic networks may explain the lack of prototype effects.
  • Findings lend psychological validity to cross-linguistic evidence for prototypical transitive semantics.