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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Ocular sarcoidosis.

Bahram Bodaghi1, Valérie Touitou, Christine Fardeau

  • 1University of Pierre-and-Marie-Curie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DHU Vision and Handicaps, Department of Ophthalmology, 75013 Paris, France. bahram.bodaghi@psl.aphp.fr

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|May 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular sarcoidosis, an inflammatory eye condition, is often overdiagnosed. New diagnostic criteria and advanced imaging improve detection and management of this multisystem disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease.
  • Ocular involvement is common, presenting as uveitis.
  • Accurate diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis can be challenging, leading to overestimation of its frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic challenges and advancements in ocular sarcoidosis.
  • To highlight the role of new imaging modalities.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on ocular sarcoidosis diagnosis and management.
  • Emphasis on new diagnostic criteria.
  • Discussion of advanced imaging techniques like indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography.

Main Results:

  • Established diagnostic criteria improve accuracy.
  • Advanced imaging enhances understanding of choroidal granulomas and macular edema.
  • Treatment involves corticosteroids, with potential need for immunosuppressants.

Conclusions:

  • Improved diagnostic tools aid in identifying ocular sarcoidosis.
  • Prompt management of complications like glaucoma and macular edema is crucial for favorable visual outcomes.