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Related Experiment Videos

HIV-associated myocarditis. Pathology and immunopathology.

W E Beschorner1, K Baughman, R P Turnicky

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The American Journal of Pathology
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with myocarditis show a distinct T-cell infiltrate, primarily CD8+ lymphocytes. This immunopathology suggests cell-mediated injury, similar to a subgroup of non-HIV myocarditis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Autopsy studies reveal a high incidence of myocarditis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of HIV-associated myocarditis is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the pathology and immunopathology of endomyocardial biopsies from HIV-positive patients with active myocarditis.
  • To compare these findings with myocarditis in patients without HIV risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic characterization of nine endomyocardial biopsies from 18 HIV-positive patients.
  • Comparison with 17 biopsies from non-HIV patients with active myocarditis.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of cellular infiltrates and endothelial antigen expression.

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Main Results:

  • Myocarditis in both groups featured lymphocytic infiltrates and myocyte necrosis.
  • HIV-positive patients predominantly showed CD8+ T cells in infiltrates (P < 0.01).
  • Arteriolar endothelium in both groups expressed induced Class I and II HLA antigens.

Conclusions:

  • The immunopathology of HIV-associated myocarditis involves cell-mediated injury.
  • Findings suggest similarities between HIV-associated myocarditis and a subgroup of non-HIV myocarditis.
  • The virus (HIV-1) was not detected in the myocardial specimens via in situ hybridization.