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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

[Hepatitis E: scale of the problem in Spain].

Mar Riveiro-Barciela1, Francisco Rodríguez-Frías, María Buti

  • 1Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España.

Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia
|May 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis globally. While rare in Spain, recent years show a rise in local HEV cases, with higher prevalence in those exposed to pigs.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.
  • Hepatitis A is the primary cause of acute hepatitis in Spain, with HEV infections being infrequent.
  • Most HEV cases in Spain are imported due to travel to endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the increasing incidence of autochthonous Hepatitis E virus infections in Spain.
  • To determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against HEV in the Spanish population.
  • To identify risk factors associated with HEV exposure in Spain.

Main Methods:

  • Serological testing for IgG antibodies against HEV.
  • Analysis of patient travel history to identify imported vs. autochthonous cases.
  • Prevalence studies in the general population and specific risk groups.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of HEV IgG antibodies in the general Spanish population ranges from 0.6% to 7.3%.
  • Individuals with risk factors, such as exposure to pigs, show a significantly higher prevalence of 19%.
  • A notable increase in autochthonous HEV cases has been observed in Spain in recent years.

Conclusions:

  • While HEV is less common than Hepatitis A in Spain, autochthonous cases are rising.
  • Exposure to pigs is a significant risk factor for HEV infection in Spain.
  • Further research is needed to understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of HEV in Spain.