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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview

Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
Polar components tend to bind strongly to the silica gel, causing them to move slowly through the column. In contrast, nonpolar compounds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
09:10

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass

Published on: June 24, 2016

HPLC method for rapidly following biodiesel fuel transesterification reaction progress using a core-shell column.

Samuel J Allen1, Lisa S Ott

  • 1California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|May 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a rapid HPLC method to monitor biodiesel fuel production. The new technique efficiently tracks all key components, including triglycerides and fatty acid alkyl esters, during transesterification.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
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Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Biodiesel production commonly utilizes triglyceride-rich feedstocks.
  • Transesterification converts triglycerides into fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs), the primary components of biodiesel.
  • Monitoring incomplete transesterification products like glycerides and free fatty acids is challenging due to solubility issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and rapid analytical method for monitoring biodiesel fuel transesterification.
  • To enable effective tracking of all main reaction components over time.
  • To overcome limitations of existing methods like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in analyzing the complex reaction mixture.

Main Methods:

  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed for analysis.
  • A core-shell stationary phase was utilized in the HPLC column for enhanced separation efficiency.
  • The method was optimized to monitor the biodiesel reaction mixture composition as a function of time.

Main Results:

  • The developed HPLC method successfully separates and quantifies key components including triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs).
  • Short elution times and efficient peak separation were achieved due to the core-shell stationary phase.
  • The method provides a comprehensive overview of the transesterification reaction progress.

Conclusions:

  • The presented HPLC method offers a rapid, efficient, and comprehensive approach to monitor biodiesel fuel production.
  • This technique simplifies the analysis of complex transesterification mixtures, improving process control and optimization.
  • The use of core-shell technology in HPLC significantly reduces analysis time and solvent consumption.