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Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus
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Frequent skipped spawning in the world's largest cod population.

Jon Egil Skjæraasen1, Richard D M Nash, Knut Korsbrekke

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. jon.skjaeraasen@bio.uib.no

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Many female fish, like Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC), skip spawning to maximize fitness. This study confirms frequent skipped spawning in NEAC, impacting population dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Life-history theory predicts reproductive skipping to optimize lifetime fitness.
  • Skipped spawning is difficult to verify in iteroparous teleosts, leaving population-level data unknown.
  • Understanding skipped spawning is crucial for fisheries management and population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To unequivocally demonstrate and quantify skipped spawning in Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC).
  • To investigate the proximate causes and population-level implications of skipped spawning in NEAC.
  • To assess the role of skipped spawning in NEAC recruitment variation and its potential applicability to other teleosts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a massive field and laboratory effort from 2006 to 2008.
  • Verified skipped spawning by examining postovulatory follicles in temporarily arrested ovaries.
  • Estimated the population abundance of "skippers" relative to spawning females.

Main Results:

  • Unequivocally demonstrated frequent skipped spawning in NEAC.
  • Estimated "skippers" to be approximately as abundant as spawning females in 2008 (∼24% of females 60-100 cm).
  • Identified insufficient energy for oocyte development as the proximate cause, suggesting a density-dependent response and potential tradeoffs in reproductive effort.

Conclusions:

  • Skipped spawning is an integral and likely annually varying life-history component for NEAC.
  • Skipped spawning may contribute to unexplained recruitment variation in NEAC and potentially other teleost populations.
  • This phenomenon has significant implications for population regulation and fisheries management strategies.