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Related Concept Videos

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
06:32

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

The 7/8 crown: a lost art.

S T McGill1, J R Holmes

  • 1Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. mcgillt@musc.edu

Operative Dentistry
|May 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gold dental restorations demonstrate excellent longevity. Modern ceramic and metal-ceramic options are more common, but their long-term success compared to gold remains to be seen.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
06:32

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Restorative Dentistry
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Gold restorations, including inlays, onlays, and crowns, have historically shown exceptional longevity.
  • Current dental practices increasingly utilize in-office CAD/CAM, laboratory-fabricated all-ceramic, and conventional ceramo-metal restorations.

Observation:

  • The use of gold restorations has declined due to high costs and preparation complexities.
  • Dental schools are reducing emphasis on teaching partial veneer restorations, making the 7/8 crown less common.

Findings:

  • The long-term clinical success of modern all-ceramic and ceramo-metal restorations is still under evaluation.
  • The efficacy of new ceramic materials and bonding agents in matching gold's durability is yet to be determined.

Implications:

  • Future dental restorative treatments may rely on advanced ceramics and bonding agents.
  • Clinical studies are needed to compare the longevity of new materials against traditional gold standards.