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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Action and outcome activity state patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex.

James M Hyman1, Jennifer Whitman, Eldon Emberly

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5. hyman.jm@gmail.com

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) monitors actions and outcomes, differentiating correct from error trials, particularly when errors are probable. This brain region integrates both action and outcome processing.

Keywords:
anterior cingulate cortexelectrophysiologyensembleerror detectionprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is theorized to be involved in action and outcome processing.
  • Understanding ACC function requires examining its activity when actions and outcomes can vary independently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize dominant patterns of ACC activity during a task with independent action and outcome variation.
  • To investigate how ACC neurons signal different actions and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified principal component analysis (PCA), specifically constrained PCA, to analyze ACC activity patterns.
  • Applied a regression procedure before PCA to remove non-task-related neural activity.
  • Recorded individual neuronal activity during a task involving lever presses with varying outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A principal component (PC) differentiating correct from error trials emerged during action and outcome phases.
  • Another PC consistently separated left from right lever presses around the time of execution.
  • A majority of outcome-selective ACC neurons showed increased firing rates on error trials.

Conclusions:

  • The ACC exhibits both separate and integrated monitoring of actions and outcomes.
  • These functions are particularly evident under conditions where errors are more likely.
  • Findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms of error monitoring and action control within the ACC.