Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multitarget Visual Search Flexibly Switches Between Concurrent and Sequential Search Modes.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Effects of Introducing the Bbrainklok as a Digital External Memory Aid on Prospective Memory, Apathy and Autonomy in Individuals with Korsakoff's Syndrome.

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment·2026
Same author

Relying on the external world after stroke: Individual variability in compensation strategies in working memory use.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Wayfinding with Impaired Vision: Preferences for Cues, Strategies, and Aids (Part II-Perspectives from Orientation and Mobility Instructors).

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Wayfinding with Impaired Vision: Preferences for Cues, Strategies, and Aids (Part I-Perspectives from Visually Impaired Individuals).

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Congruent movement training (CMT) for patients with spatial neglect: Perspectives of end-users on clinical implementation.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation·2026
Same journal

Higher- and lower-level processing in strategic reading: Reconceptualising the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS).

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

More caution or more lenient: deciphering the role of negative affect in recognition and inference.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Cognitive offloading, critical thinking and attitudes towards artificial intelligence in the era of ChatGPT: a comparative study of artificial intelligence-assisted and manual task performance in young adults.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Emojis vs. black-and-white and colored drawings: comparing living and non-living things in oral naming.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

The impact of facial expressions on space- and object-based attention by gaze cues.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Feature interaction in metaphor aptness: the impact of topic-and-vehicle applicable features and semantic distances.

Cognitive processing·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Encoding location and serial order in auditory working memory: evidence for separable processes.

Franco Delogu1, Tanja C W Nijboer, Albert Postma

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. f.delogu@uu.nl

Cognitive Processing
|May 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory working memory encodes sound location and serial order independently. Serial order recall is easier but affected by concurrent tasks, while location recall is harder but more automatic.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Auditory working memory (AWM) is crucial for processing sequential information.
  • Understanding how spatial and temporal features are integrated within AWM is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between spatial location and serial order in auditory working memory.
  • To determine if these two types of information are encoded independently or interactively.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using auditory stimuli presented at different spatial locations.
  • Participants recalled either the location or the serial order of sounds.
  • Attention during encoding was manipulated by varying trial types (pure vs. mixed blocks) and introducing a concurrent semantic task.

Main Results:

  • Serial-order recall was linearly affected by concurrent feature encoding.
  • Spatial-location recall was largely unaffected by concurrent feature encoding.
  • Overall performance was lower for spatial recall compared to serial-order recall.

Conclusions:

  • Serial order and spatial location are independently encoded in auditory working memory.
  • Serial order is more susceptible to interference from concurrent information processing.
  • Spatial location encoding is more automatic and resistant to interference.