Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Combined subchronic fluoride-lead intoxication and its attenuation with the help of a complex of bioprotectors

B A Katsnelson1, L I Privalova, Y P Kireyeva

  • 1The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia. bkaznelson@ymrc.ru

La Medicina Del Lavoro
|May 25, 2012
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Combined lead and fluoride toxicity is additive, but a bioprotector complex (BPC) containing pectin, glutamate, and vitamins mitigates harmful effects, especially on bone tissue.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Combined toxicity of lead and fluoride is poorly understood.
  • No previous studies investigated bioprotectors for inhibiting lead-fluoride toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined toxicity of lead and fluoride.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a bioprotector complex (BPC) in mitigating this toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Rats received lead acetate and sodium fluoride (separately or combined) via i.p. injection for 6 weeks.
  • A BPC (pectin, glutamate, multivitamins/minerals) was administered orally to some rats.
  • Functional, biochemical, and histopathological analyses of femur and soft tissues were performed.

Main Results:

  • Combined lead and fluoride toxicity was additive or superadditive, but lead reduced fluoride bone accumulation.
  • Pathological bone changes were less severe with combined exposure than with separate exposures.
  • BPC attenuated various combined toxic effects of lead and fluoride, including on bone tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Combined lead and fluoride exposure is more toxic to soft tissues than separate exposures, despite reciprocal attenuation of bone effects.
  • The tested BPC significantly inhibited the development of combined lead-fluoride intoxication.

More Related Videos

Extending the Lifespan of Soluble Lead Flow Batteries with a Sodium Acetate Additive08:35

Extending the Lifespan of Soluble Lead Flow Batteries with a Sodium Acetate Additive

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...