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Related Concept Videos

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

Improved input parameters for diffusion models of skin absorption.

Steffi Hansen1, Claus-Michael Lehr, Ulrich F Schaefer

  • 1Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbruecken, Germany. Steffi.hansen@helmholtz-hzi.de

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details methods for estimating skin absorption parameters, focusing on partition and diffusion coefficients. Improved approximations and future modeling needs are discussed for accurate diffusion models.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and computational toxicology
  • Dermal absorption modeling
  • Physico-chemical property estimation

Background:

  • Predicting skin absorption using diffusion models necessitates precise input parameters.
  • Key parameters include model geometry, affinity, and transport characteristics.
  • Accurate estimation of partition and diffusion coefficients is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for obtaining input parameters for skin absorption diffusion models.
  • To analyze existing databases for partition coefficients and review diffusion coefficient estimates.
  • To identify future needs for improved skin absorption modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Summarized experimental methods, extrapolation approaches, and correlations.
  • Analyzed extensive databases for lipid-water and corneocyte protein-water partition coefficients.
  • Reviewed common estimates for lipid and corneocyte diffusion coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Provided improved approximations for estimating partition coefficients.
  • Highlighted the need for incorporating stratum corneum heterogeneity and complex formulations.
  • Identified a lack of suitable input parameters for advanced dermal absorption models.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diffusion models for skin absorption require robust input parameter estimation.
  • Future models must address stratum corneum heterogeneity and complex absorption scenarios.
  • Development of new methods for parameter estimation is essential for advancing dermal absorption predictions.