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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Epilepsy: Novel therapeutic targets.

Ashish P Anovadiya1, Jayesh J Sanmukhani, C B Tripathi

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India .

Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Newer epilepsy drugs target novel pathways like AMPA receptors and protein kinases, offering alternatives for patients with therapeutic failure. Investigational treatments, including mTOR inhibitors and neurosteroids, show promise but require further clinical trials.

Keywords:
AMPA receptor antagonistsmammalian target of rapamycinmetabotropic glutamate receptorspharmacoresistant epilepsyprotein kinase inhibitors

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Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Mouse Model
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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

An Integrated Method for Crafting Flexible and Convenient Electrophysiological Optrodes for Multi-Region In Vivo Recording
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Established epilepsy therapies fail in 20-25% of patients, necessitating novel drug discovery.
  • Newer approaches aim to inhibit epileptogenesis or target receptors unaffected by conventional treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel therapeutic strategies for epilepsy beyond conventional treatments.
  • To explore the potential of targeting specific receptors and pathways involved in epileptogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on novel anti-epileptic drug targets and mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies on AMPA receptor antagonists, protein kinase inhibitors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, mTOR inhibitors, CO2 therapy, and neurosteroids.

Main Results:

  • AMPA receptor antagonists show rapid and complete seizure protection.
  • Protein kinase inhibitors, mGluR modulators, mTOR inhibitors, CO2 therapy, and neurosteroids demonstrate efficacy in preclinical models.
  • Ganaxolone shows promise for pharmacoresistant epilepsy, but requires further clinical validation.

Conclusions:

  • Novel therapeutic targets and agents are emerging for epilepsy treatment.
  • Further clinical trials are essential to establish the safety and efficacy of these investigational drugs for epilepsy.