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Updated: May 22, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications
Published on: November 9, 2016
A multidisciplinary approach for the analysis of an adulterated dietary supplement where the active pharmaceutical
Adam Lanzarotta1, John B Crowe, Mark Witkowski
1Trace Examination Section, Forensic Chemistry Center, United States Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA. adam.lanzarotta@fda.hhs.gov
Abstract:
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopic imaging, Raman microspectroscopy, optical microscopy and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric (LC/MS) detection were employed to examine a dietary supplement adulterated with an undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). While a trace level of the API was detected in the capsule contents, a higher concentration of API was found in the capsule shell, which indicated the use of an unconventional manufacturing process to hide the API and thus avoid detection. This study demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to provide a complete assessment of a suspect adulterated dietary supplement.
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