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Related Concept Videos

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Determination of the Glycogen Content in Cyanobacteria
07:04

Determination of the Glycogen Content in Cyanobacteria

Published on: July 17, 2017

Cellulose synthase complexes: composition and regulation.

Lei Lei1, Shundai Li, Ying Gu

  • 1The Center for LignoCellulose Structure and Formation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Live cell imaging reveals how actin and microtubules organize cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). Recent findings highlight the composition, regulation, and trafficking of CSCs, with CSI1 linking cellulose microfibrils and microtubules.

Keywords:
actinalignment hypothesiscellulose microfibrilscellulose synthase complexesmicrotubulesterminal complexes

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High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications
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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Determination of the Glycogen Content in Cyanobacteria
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Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
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High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications
09:27

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Published on: May 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Live cell imaging advances understanding of cellulose deposition.
  • Actin and microtubule cytoskeletons are crucial for cellulose synthase complex (CSC) distribution, organization, and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review on the composition, regulation, and trafficking of CSCs.
  • To discuss the role of newly identified proteins in CSCs.
  • To explore the relationship between cellulose microfibrils and microtubules.

Main Methods:

  • Live cell imaging techniques.
  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • The actin and microtubule cytoskeleton play key roles in CSCs.
  • Recent progress has been made in characterizing CSC composition, regulation, and trafficking.
  • Cellulose synthase interactive protein 1 (CSI1) is identified as a key player linking cellulose and microtubules.

Conclusions:

  • CSCs are dynamically regulated by cytoskeletal elements.
  • CSI1 is essential for connecting cellulose microfibrils to microtubules, offering new insights into cellulose synthesis and organization.