Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Jumping Translocation Breakpoint</i> Expression in Midgestation Mouse Embryos.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Proteomic profiling of small extracellular vesicles from bovine nucleus pulposus cells.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Development and Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc-Insights from Across Species.

Veterinary sciences·2023
Same author

Metal-Organic Framework as a Fluorescent and Colorimetric Dual-Signal Readout Biosensor Platform for the Detection of a Genetic Sequence from the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2023
Same author

Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges.

Frontiers in public health·2023
Same author

Harmonization and standardization of nucleus pulposus cell extraction and culture methods.

JOR spine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
11:13

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: May 25, 2018

Embryonic stem cells: protein interaction networks.

Patricia Miang-Lon Ng1, Thomas Lufkin

  • 1Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672 Singapore.

Biomolecular Concepts
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped key protein interactions in embryonic stem cells, revealing transcription factor clustering and chromosomal remodeling as crucial for pluripotency. Further studies are needed to discover additional pluripotency genes.

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells
08:38

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Published on: March 3, 2015

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
11:13

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: May 25, 2018

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells
08:38

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Published on: March 3, 2015

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess pluripotency, enabling differentiation into diverse cell types, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
  • Oct3/4 (Oct4), Sox2, and Nanog are critical transcription factors maintaining ESC pluripotency.
  • Oct4 is essential for inducing pluripotency in adult cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing ESC pluripotency.
  • To construct a comprehensive protein interaction network for ESCs.
  • To identify novel pluripotency-associated genes through protein-protein interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Affinity purification and mass spectrometry were employed to identify proteins interacting with Oct4 and Nanog.
  • Iterative purification techniques were used to build a protein interaction network.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) was utilized to investigate the function of identified genes.

Main Results:

  • A protein interaction network comprising 77 interconnected transcription factors was constructed.
  • Key transcription factors within the network were found to recruit the Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase (NuRD) complex.
  • Transcription factor clustering and chromosomal remodeling were identified as central mechanisms in ESC pluripotency.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights transcription factor clustering and chromosomal remodeling as fundamental processes in ESC pluripotency.
  • Protein-protein interaction mapping is a valuable strategy for discovering novel pluripotency genes.
  • Further curation and analysis of the ESC protein interaction network using systems biology approaches are essential for a complete understanding of pluripotency.