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Fetal growth: a review of terms, concepts and issues relevant to obstetrics

C Mayer1, K S Joseph

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
|June 1, 2012
PubMed

Insights

This article clarifies complex terms in fetal growth, discussing factors influencing fetal size and risks of abnormal fetal growth. It aims to improve understanding for better obstetric care and outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Fetal Development

Background:

  • The perinatal literature contains confusing terminology regarding fetal size and growth.
  • Accurate assessment of fetal growth is crucial for obstetric management and predicting neonatal outcomes.
  • Existing fetal growth standards and references may have limitations in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an obstetric perspective on fetal growth, clarifying terminology and concepts.
  • To discuss the physiological determinants, risk factors, and diagnostic challenges of abnormal fetal growth.
  • To review temporal trends, distinctions in growth charting methods, and implications for long-term health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on fetal growth.
  • Discussion of physiological mechanisms influencing fetal growth trajectories.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and prognostic issues in restricted and excessive fetal growth.

Main Results:

  • Fetal growth is influenced by complex physiologic mechanisms and various risk factors.
  • Distinctions between fetal growth standards and references, and between estimated fetal weight and birth weight charts, are critical.
  • Abnormal fetal growth has implications for both neonatal health and adult chronic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Clarification of fetal growth terminology is needed for consistent obstetric practice.
  • Customizing fetal growth standards is essential for accurate assessment and improved perinatal care.
  • Understanding fetal growth patterns aids in predicting and mitigating risks for adverse outcomes.

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