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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:

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Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
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Mesoderm-derived stem cells: the link between the transcriptome and their differentiation potential.

Joery De Kock1, Mehdi Najar, Jennifer Bolleyn

  • 1Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.

Stem Cells and Development
|June 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Human adult stem cells (hASCs) show distinct gene expression profiles influencing their differentiation potential. Understanding these intrinsic properties is key for effective stem cell applications in research and therapy.

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Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Human adult stem cells (hASCs) are crucial for cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and in vitro modeling.
  • Mesoderm-derived hASCs exhibit functional and differentiation variability.
  • Intrinsic cellular properties may dictate hASC differentiation potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare global gene expression profiles of four distinct mesoderm-derived hASC populations.
  • To investigate the relationship between intrinsic gene expression and differentiation potential.
  • To understand factors influencing hASC properties for optimized research applications.

Main Methods:

  • Global gene expression profiling of four hASC types: adipose tissue-derived stromal cells, bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs), skin-derived precursor cells (hSKPs), and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJs).
  • Comparative analysis of gene expression patterns.
  • Correlation of gene expression data with existing in vitro differentiation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gene expression were observed among the four hASC types.
  • hSKPs showed high expression of genes related to neurogenesis and skeletal development.
  • hWJs and hBMSCs exhibited increased expression of genes linked to cardiovascular and liver development.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic gene expression profiles of undifferentiated hASCs significantly impact their differentiation potential.
  • Differential gene expression correlates with observed differentiation capabilities toward specific cell types.
  • Further research is needed to identify the factors defining these intrinsic stem cell properties.