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Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

Published on: March 3, 2023

Alternative dialysis strategies with icodextrin.

Sarah E Panzer, Isaac Teitelbaum

Contributions to Nephrology

|June 2, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Icodextrin offers advanced peritoneal dialysis strategies to improve fluid management and cardiac function in patients with ultrafiltration failure. Novel approaches explore its use in diverse patient groups and for reducing postoperative adhesions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Cardiology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Volume management is a critical challenge in renal replacement therapy.
Icodextrin has improved ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis.
Ultrafiltration failure and cardiac issues complicate dialysis management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review novel dialysis strategies using icodextrin.
To explore icodextrin's efficacy in different patient populations.
To discuss icodextrin's potential in reducing postoperative adhesions.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on alternative icodextrin dialysis strategies.
Analysis of icodextrin use in low transporters.
Evaluation of combined glucose-based and icodextrin solutions.
Assessment of twice-daily icodextrin dwell protocols.

Main Results:

Icodextrin enhances ultrafiltration and improves cardiac indices.
Novel strategies show promise in specific patient groups.
Icodextrin may offer benefits beyond fluid management.

Conclusions:

Alternative icodextrin strategies represent a significant advance in peritoneal dialysis.
Further research is warranted for optimizing icodextrin use.
Icodextrin shows potential for reducing postoperative adhesions.