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Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses

Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses

Published on: May 2, 2019

Human rabies in Tianjin, China.

J P Montgomery¹, Y Zhang, E V Wells

¹Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jpmont@umich.edu

Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England)

|June 2, 2012

Summary

Human rabies caused 60 deaths in Tianjin, China, from 2005-2011, primarily from unvaccinated dog bites. Inadequate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) highlights urgent public health needs.

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Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses

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Published on: May 2, 2019

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human rabies has re-emerged as a significant public health threat in Tianjin, China.
The study addresses the growing concern of rabies incidence in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the characteristics and epidemiology of human rabies cases in Tianjin, China.
To identify risk factors and evaluate the effectiveness of current control measures.

Main Methods:

Utilized surveillance data from the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Analyzed 60 human rabies cases reported between 2005 and 2011.
Examined case demographics, exposure details, and medical interventions.

Main Results:

All 60 reported human rabies cases were fatal.
Cases predominantly affected males (80%), middle-aged individuals (mean 40.6 years), and occurred in rural settings (82%).
Most exposures resulted from unvaccinated dog bites (93%), with only 15% seeking medical care and none receiving complete post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).

Conclusions:

Findings underscore the critical need for improved animal rabies surveillance and control in China.
Recommendations include laboratory confirmation, prompt PEP, and enhanced public and healthcare provider education on rabies risk reduction.