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A microfluidics approach towards high-throughput pathogen removal from blood using margination.

Han Wei Hou, Hiong Yap Gan, Ali Asgar S Bhagat

    Biomicrofluidics
    |June 2, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a microfluidic device that removes microbes and inflammatory cells from blood, inspired by natural cell behavior. This technology offers a novel approach for sepsis treatment by cleansing blood.

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    Microfluidic Flow Chambers Using Reconstituted Blood to Model Hemostasis and Platelet Transfusion In Vitro

    Published on: March 19, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Microfluidics
    • Sepsis Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's extreme response to infection.
    • Current sepsis treatments focus on antibiotics and supportive care, with limited options for direct blood cleansing.
    • Removing both pathogens and inflammatory mediators is crucial for effective sepsis management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a microfluidic device for the non-specific removal of microbes and inflammatory cellular components from whole blood.
    • To investigate the efficacy of a leukocyte margination-inspired approach for blood purification.
    • To assess the potential of this technology as a blood cleansing method for sepsis treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • A microfluidic device with narrow channels (20x20 µm) was designed to induce red blood cell axial migration.
    • Cascaded channel design was employed for a two-stage removal process in a single pass.
    • Separation of spiked bacteria (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and inflammatory cells (platelets, leukocytes) was evaluated.

    Main Results:

    • High removal efficiencies were achieved for Escherichia coli (~80%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (~90%).
    • Depletion of inflammatory cellular components (platelets, leukocytes) exceeded 80%.
    • The device demonstrated high throughput (1 ml/h per channel) and label-free, non-specific pathogen removal.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed microfluidic approach effectively removes blood-borne pathogens and inflammatory cells.
    • This technology shows promise as a blood cleansing method for sepsis treatment, potentially enabling direct blood return to patients.
    • Further multiplexing can scale the device for clinical applications comparable to dialysis systems.