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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique
07:20

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Published on: September 10, 2014

Gene-exercise interactions.

Tuomo Rankinen1, Claude Bouchard

  • 1Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|June 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetics and physical activity interact to influence health outcomes. Understanding these gene-exercise interactions is crucial for personalized medicine and exercise science.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise science
  • Human genetics
  • Personalized medicine

Background:

  • Evidence suggests genotype-by-physical activity interactions impact health.
  • Observational studies show differing DNA variant effects in sedentary vs. active individuals.
  • Genetic variation influences individual responses to exercise training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing importance of gene-exercise interactions.
  • To emphasize the need for further exercise intervention studies.
  • To underscore the necessity of understanding these interactions for personalized exercise medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies examining DNA sequence variants and risk factors.
  • Exercise intervention studies assessing genetic variation and training response.
  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia findings.

Main Results:

  • Relationships between DNA variants and risk factors differ between sedentary and active populations.
  • Genetic variation significantly impacts interindividual differences in exercise training responsiveness.
  • Future GWAS consortia will expand knowledge on gene-activity interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Gene-exercise interactions are scientifically validated and crucial for health.
  • Further research, particularly intervention studies, is essential for a comprehensive understanding.
  • Understanding gene-exercise interactions is fundamental for developing personalized exercise medicine.