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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual.

T Akerstedt1, M Gillberg

  • 1IPM & Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

The International Journal of Neuroscience
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Objective and subjective sleepiness measures correlate highly. Ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) can quantify sleepiness, especially during extreme fatigue.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Subjective sleepiness is difficult to quantify objectively.
  • Understanding the relationship between subjective and objective sleepiness is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders and assessing fatigue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between subjective sleepiness ratings and objective physiological measures using ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG).
  • To determine if ambulatory EEG/EOG changes can reliably quantify sleepiness.

Main Methods:

  • Eight subjects were monitored overnight in a sleep lab without time cues.
  • Continuous ambulatory EEG and EOG recordings were taken.
  • Sleepiness ratings, EEG spectral analysis, and EOG scoring for slow rolling eye movements (SEM) were performed periodically.

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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

Main Results:

  • Intrusions of SEM and changes in alpha/theta power density during waking, open-eyed activity significantly differentiated between high and low subjective sleepiness.
  • High intraindividual correlations were found between subjective and objective sleepiness measures.
  • Physiological indices of sleepiness reliably appeared only when subjective sleepiness reached extreme levels ('fighting sleep').

Conclusions:

  • Ambulatory EEG and EOG changes are effective in quantifying sleepiness.
  • Objective physiological changes indicative of sleepiness may only become apparent at extreme levels of subjective sleepiness.