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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA
10:55

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

Published on: October 11, 2013

RNA interference for viral infections.

Stephen J Blake1, Fawzi F Bokhari, Nigel A J McMillan

  • 1Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia.

Current Drug Targets
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) offers a powerful new way to treat viral infections by targeting viral genes directly. This review explores RNAi for HIV, HPV, and HCV, plus novel strategies and new target identification.

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High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
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High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA
10:55

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

Published on: October 11, 2013

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
11:34

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Current viral infection treatments rely heavily on vaccines or limited antiviral drugs.
  • Most viral infections lack specific drug treatments, leaving supportive care as the primary option.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic approach for directly targeting viral genetic material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current applications of RNA interference (RNAi) in treating viral infections like HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  • To discuss novel RNAi strategies, including targeting host genes and modulating the immune system for enhanced antiviral outcomes.
  • To highlight innovative research at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, focusing on high-throughput siRNA screening for new antiviral targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNAi for viral infections.
  • Exploration of emerging strategies in RNAi-based antiviral therapy.
  • Examination of high-throughput siRNA screening methodologies for target discovery.

Main Results:

  • RNAi demonstrates significant potential for direct and rapid treatment of viral infections.
  • Clinical trials for RNAi therapies have shown promising results.
  • Novel strategies involving host gene targeting and immune system activation are being explored.

Conclusions:

  • RNA interference is a rapidly advancing field with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of numerous viral diseases.
  • Innovative approaches, including advanced screening techniques, are crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets and optimizing RNAi efficacy.
  • Further research and development in RNAi hold promise for addressing unmet needs in antiviral therapy.