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Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

Anatomy of the Intestines

Anatomy of the Intestines

Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the small...

Feces Formation and Defecation

Feces Formation and Defecation

After spending 3 to 10 hours in the large intestine, chyme loses a lot of water and becomes feces, the final product of digestion. Feces consist of undigested dietary fiber such as cellulose, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, and microbes. The descending and sigmoid colon stores feces and uses haustral contractions to dry it out but retains enough water to give it a semi-solid texture.
The mass peristalsis then pushes the feces into the rectum, which stretches the rectal walls to activate...

Large Intestine

Large Intestine

The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

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Published on: August 24, 2019

'Wormy'form appendix.

Abraham Vincent Samuel Jesudoss¹, Meryem Kaya, Rosanna Lombardo

¹General Surgery Department, Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK. abepfdr@gmail.com

BMJ Case Reports

|June 6, 2012

Summary

Pinworm infections can rarely cause appendicitis in children by blocking the appendix. This uncommon presentation highlights the need to consider helminths in pediatric appendicitis cases.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Infectious Diseases
Gastroenterology

Background:

Appendicitis is a frequent surgical emergency in pediatric populations.
Helminth infections, particularly pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis), are also prevalent in children worldwide.

Observation:

A rare case of appendicitis was observed in a child where the primary cause was identified as pinworm infestation.
The helminths led to luminal obstruction within the appendix, mimicking typical appendicitis symptoms.

Findings:

The study confirms that helminth (pinworm) infestation can obstruct the appendiceal lumen.
This obstruction results in a clinical presentation indistinguishable from common appendicitis.

Implications:

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Clinicians should consider helminthic infections as a potential etiology for appendicitis in children, especially in endemic areas.
This finding may influence diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for pediatric appendicitis.