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Related Concept Videos

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
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Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

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Published on: August 26, 2011

Gender differences of brain activity in the conflicts based on implicit self-esteem.

Reiko Miyamoto1, Yoshiaki Kikuchi

  • 1Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.

Plos One
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gender differences exist in brain activity related to self-esteem. Females show ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation, while males show medial and dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) activation during self-esteem tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Gender disparities are observed in self-esteem levels and psychiatric disorders.
  • These differences suggest underlying gender-based variations in the neural mechanisms of self-esteem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in brain activity during an implicit self-esteem task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To explore the neural correlates of self-esteem and their relationship with explicit self-esteem scores across genders.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI scans were conducted on 14 males and 12 females performing an implicit self-esteem task.
  • Brain activity was analyzed during congruent (self = positive) and incongruent (self = negative) conditions.
  • Functional connectivity was examined using the somatic-marker model.

Main Results:

  • Females exhibited significant activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during the incongruent condition.
  • Males showed activation in the medial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) during the incongruent condition.
  • Explicit self-esteem scores correlated negatively with vmPFC activity in females and positively with dmPFC activity in males.

Conclusions:

  • Females appear to store incongruent self-associations more robustly, engaging vmPFC for emotional processing.
  • These neural patterns may contribute to gender differences in rumination and prolonged negative affect in females.
  • The findings highlight distinct neural pathways for self-esteem processing in males and females.