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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Fluid management for dengue in children.

Nguyen Thanh Hung1

  • 1Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children’s Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. hungdhf@hcm.fpt.vn

Paediatrics and International Child Health
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Isotonic crystalloid solutions effectively treat most Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) patients. For severe cases, medium-molecular-weight colloid solutions offer optimal plasma volume support with fewer adverse events.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Dengue fever is a global health concern, with Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) posing a critical threat.
  • Prompt treatment is vital for DSS, as it can be fatal within 12-24 hours.
  • Intravenous fluid therapy is essential for DSS patients and some non-shocked dengue patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize clinical data comparing fluid resuscitation regimens in children with severe dengue.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different fluid solutions for Dengue Shock Syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key clinical data on fluid management in severe dengue.
  • Comparison of crystalloid and colloid solutions for plasma volume support.

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Main Results:

  • Most Dengue Shock Syndrome patients can be successfully treated with isotonic crystalloid solutions.
  • Colloid solutions may be used in severe cases but carry higher risks.
  • Medium-molecular-weight colloids are optimal if colloids are necessary, balancing efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Isotonic crystalloids are generally sufficient for treating Dengue Shock Syndrome.
  • Careful selection of colloid solutions is crucial when required, favoring medium-molecular-weight preparations.
  • Further research is needed on early colloid administration and optimal colloid choice for DSS resuscitation.