Coronary artery dilation in children with MIS-C: prevalence, risk factor, and progression

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Cardiac complications, especially coronary artery dilation, are a major concern in MIS-C.
• Understanding risk factors and recovery is crucial for managing MIS-C patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities in Vietnamese children with MIS-C.
• To identify risk factors associated with coronary artery dilation in MIS-C.
• To assess the progression and recovery of coronary artery abnormalities over a 3-month follow-up period.

Main Methods:

• A prospective multicenter case series study was conducted in Vietnam.
• 195 MIS-C patients were diagnosed using WHO criteria and followed for 3 months post-discharge.
• Data on demographics, clinical features, lab findings, and treatments were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

• 33.3% of MIS-C patients presented with coronary artery abnormalities upon admission.
• Independent risk factors for coronary artery dilation included male sex, Kawasaki-like phenotype, and mesenteric lymphadenitis.
• Only 3.6% of patients had persistent coronary artery abnormalities after 3 months, indicating a favorable recovery.

Conclusions:

• Coronary artery dilation in MIS-C patients demonstrates a positive recovery trend within three months.
• Male sex, Kawasaki-like MIS-C, and mesenteric lymphadenitis are significant independent risk factors for developing coronary artery dilation.
• Early identification of these risk factors can aid in timely intervention and management of MIS-C cardiac complications.