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Related Concept Videos

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the translocon complex.
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
10:50

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

Published on: March 14, 2019

Dynamics of ESCRT proteins.

Nolwenn Jouvenet1

  • 1Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France. nolwennjouvenet@gmail.com

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, crucial for cell division and viral release, assembles sequentially on membranes. This long-standing model is now confirmed in mammalian cells using live-cell imaging techniques.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
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Published on: March 14, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is vital for membrane fission events.
  • This machinery, comprising over 20 proteins organized into ESCRT-I, -II, and -III complexes and associated proteins like Vps4, plays roles in multivesicular body (MVB) formation, cytokinesis, and enveloped virus budding.
  • Previous studies in yeast supported a sequential recruitment model for ESCRT complexes during MVB biogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of ESCRT protein assembly and disassembly in mammalian cells.
  • To validate the established model of sequential ESCRT complex recruitment in the context of viral budding and cell division in mammalian systems.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging techniques were employed to visualize ESCRT protein dynamics.
  • The study focused on observing ESCRT protein behavior during viral budding and cytokinesis in mammalian cells.

Main Results:

  • Live-cell imaging provided real-time insights into ESCRT protein dynamics.
  • The study confirmed that the sequential assembly and disassembly model of ESCRT complexes is applicable to mammalian cells.
  • These findings validate the long-standing model in the context of complex cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • The sequential recruitment and dissociation model for ESCRT complexes is conserved and functions in mammalian cells.
  • Live-cell imaging is a powerful tool for elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecular machinery.
  • Understanding ESCRT function is critical for comprehending fundamental cellular processes and viral pathogenesis.