Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oral oxycodone versus sublingual buprenorphine for postoperative pain control after pelvic exenteration (PROSPER): a pilot, registry-embedded, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Simultaneous robotic-assisted prostatectomy and rectal resection: a systematic review.

Journal of robotic surgery·2025
Same author

Continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam optimizes intraoperative antibiotic exposure in patients undergoing elective pelvic exenteration surgery.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2024
Same author

Nutrition-related predictors of complications and length of hospital stay following total pelvic exenteration surgery.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2024
Same author

Discovery of a novel series of selective macrocyclic PKCTheta inhibitors.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2024
Same author

Spatiotemporal protein dynamics during early organogenesis in mouse conceptuses treated with valproic acid.

Neurotoxicology and teratology·2023
Same journal

Nanotechnology-Stem Cell Strategies in 3D Glioblastoma Organoid: Targeting Glioma Stem Cells Within a Complex Tumor Microenvironment.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Using Drosophila As an Invertebrate Model System for Toxicity Testing in the Laboratory
06:00

Experimental Protocol for Using Drosophila As an Invertebrate Model System for Toxicity Testing in the Laboratory

Published on: July 10, 2018

Developmental toxicology: methods and protocols. Volume overview: introduction.

Craig Harris1

  • 1Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. charris@umich.edu

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental toxicology studies the causes of birth defects, facing challenges due to research restrictions. Recent advances in related fields offer new insights into teratogen mechanisms and lifelong health impacts.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster
07:02

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: March 24, 2023

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Using Drosophila As an Invertebrate Model System for Toxicity Testing in the Laboratory
06:00

Experimental Protocol for Using Drosophila As an Invertebrate Model System for Toxicity Testing in the Laboratory

Published on: July 10, 2018

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster
07:02

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: March 24, 2023

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental toxicology and teratology, investigating congenital anomalies and their origins.

Background:

  • Historical descriptions of birth malformations lack mechanistic understanding.
  • Research is constrained by the small scale, inaccessibility, and ethical considerations of developmental processes.

Discussion:

  • Classic teratogens like thalidomide offer insights but lack clear mechanistic pathways.
  • Interdisciplinary advances in cancer, stem cell, and developmental biology aid research.

Key Insights:

  • New methodologies are crucial for understanding teratogenic effects.
  • Gestational lesions have long-term health consequences throughout the lifespan.

Outlook:

  • Continued integration of advanced research methods will elucidate developmental toxicity mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for preventing birth defects and ensuring lifelong health.