Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A 29-year-old man with a 3-month history of blurred vision and micropsia in the left eye.

Digital journal of ophthalmology : DJO·2018
Same author

Bilateral viral retinitis in a patient with immune deficiency because of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.

Retinal cases & brief reports·2014
Same author

Isolated traumatic neurogenic ptosis with delayed recovery.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2014
Same author

Medical management of periorbital necrotising fasciitis.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2013
Same author

Temporary Gortex (polytetrafluoroethylene) spacer for the treatment of fornix shortening following severe alkali chemical injury.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2011
Same author

Subspecialization of the ophthalmic literature: a review of the publishing trends of the top general, clinical ophthalmic journals.

Ophthalmology·2011
Same journal

Post-extubation pneumothorax following bougie-assisted endotracheal tube exchange.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Cardiac tamponade secondary to hypothyroidism.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Unmasking a rare contrast reaction: acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema after iohexol injection.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Water gonioscopy-assisted transluminaltrabeculotomy.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> osteomyelitis presenting as a Brodie's abscess of the tibia.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same journal

Steroid refractory rapidly progressing organising pneumonia.

BMJ case reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Look beyond the red eyes!

Anupma Kumar1

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, Aintree Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK. anupmakumar@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 63-year-old man with persistent red eyes and ears was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis. Early diagnosis and treatment with systemic steroids led to a successful outcome.

More Related Videos

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Relapsing polychondritis is a rare, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive cartilage destruction.
  • Ocular and auricular inflammation can be presenting symptoms, necessitating multidisciplinary evaluation.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old male presented with several months of persistent red eyes.
  • Concurrent observation of red ears prompted further investigation.

Findings:

  • Multidisciplinary review involving rheumatology and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinics confirmed the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis.
  • The patient's symptoms were attributed to this rare autoimmune condition.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering systemic autoimmune diseases in patients with seemingly isolated ocular and auricular inflammation.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, including systemic steroid therapy, are crucial for favorable outcomes in relapsing polychondritis.