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Urinary tract infection in febrile children with sickle cell anaemia

Y Mava1, J P Ambe, M Bello

  • 1Departments of Paediatrics,University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

West African Journal of Medicine
|June 7, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in Nigeria. Routine screening for UTIs is recommended for febrile children with SCA to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is prevalent in Maiduguri, Nigeria, and associated with increased infection risk.
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common complications, but their prevalence in this region is underreported.
  • Children with SCA experience severe infections, particularly in the urinary tract, bones, and lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of bacteriuria and identify bacterial isolates in febrile children with SCA.
  • To compare UTI prevalence in children with SCA versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 250 children with SCA and 250 controls (HbAA), aged 6 months to 15 years.
  • Urine samples collected via midstream or suprapubic aspiration.
  • Microscopy and culture used to detect bacteriuria and identify bacterial pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Bacteriuria detected in 26% of SCA children and 20.4% of controls (p>0.05).
  • Predominant isolates in SCA: Escherichia coli (27.7%) and Klebsiella species (24.6%).
  • Significant bacteriuria observed in SCA patients with concurrent pneumonia and septicaemia.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary tract infections are a common occurrence in children with sickle cell anaemia.
  • Routine screening for UTIs is recommended for febrile children diagnosed with SCA.
  • Early detection and management of UTIs can mitigate severe complications in SCA patients.
Abstract

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