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Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

Overview
Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

Overview
Conformity01:20

Conformity

Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
08:54

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Published on: April 15, 2011

Complements do not lie.

Stefanie Christina Robert1, Suzanne Helen Forbes, Surusch Soleimanian

  • 1ICU, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK. sterob67@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with acute kidney injury initially suspected to have granulomatosis with polyangiitis improved after Bartonella henselae infection treatment. This case highlights the importance of considering culture-negative endocarditis in ANCA-associated vasculitis mimics.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • A 74-year-old male with a prosthetic aortic valve presented with constitutional symptoms and acute kidney injury.
  • Clinical presentation included fever, splenomegaly, and vasculitic lesions, raising suspicion for vasculitis or infective endocarditis.

Observation:

  • Nephritic screen revealed strongly positive cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA).
  • Transoesophageal echocardiography and blood cultures were negative for infective endocarditis.
  • Renal biopsy showed proliferative glomerulopathy with low complement levels.

Findings:

  • Atypical serological screening identified a strongly positive IgG-antibody titre against Bartonella henselae.
  • Initial immunosuppression for presumed granulomatosis with polyangiitis led to patient deterioration.
  • Discontinuation of immunosuppression and initiation of antibiotic therapy for chronic Bartonellosis resulted in a remarkable recovery.

Implications:

  • Bartonella henselae infection can mimic autoimmune vasculitis, presenting with constitutional symptoms and renal involvement.
  • Culture-negative endocarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis, especially with atypical presentations.
  • Accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in complex cases involving renal injury and systemic inflammation.