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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

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Experimental Metastasis Assay
08:28

Experimental Metastasis Assay

Published on: August 24, 2010

Galectin-3 binding and metastasis.

Pratima Nangia-Makker1, Vitaly Balan, Avraham Raz

  • 1Tumor Progression and Metastasis, Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein, is upregulated in metastatic cancers and aids tumor growth. This study details methods for purifying galectin-3 and analyzing its binding functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein found in various cellular compartments and the extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • Increased galectin-3 expression is observed in transformed and metastatic cell lines, correlating with advanced tumor stages in human carcinomas.
  • Galectins mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, influencing normal and pathological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for the purification of galectin-3 from transformed Escherichia coli.
  • To outline commonly used functional assays for analyzing galectin-3 binding capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of galectin-3 from recombinant sources (transformed Escherichia coli).
  • Application of functional assays to assess galectin-3's binding characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for obtaining purified galectin-3.
  • Demonstrated the utility of specific functional assays for galectin-3 analysis.
  • Highlighted the association of elevated galectin-3 with enhanced anchorage-independent growth, homotypic aggregation, and tumor cell colonization.

Conclusions:

  • The purification and functional analysis methods provide valuable tools for studying galectin-3.
  • Understanding galectin-3's role in cell-matrix interactions is crucial for cancer research.
  • Galectin-3's involvement in tumor progression underscores its potential as a therapeutic target.